Elastic-fluid turbine.



G WESTINGHOUSE. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 6, 1904.

946,749. Patented Jan. 18,1910.

5 SHEB'JlS-SHBET l.

v qwi/imphow.

Patented Jan. 18, 1910.

G. WESTINGHOUSE.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 6, 1904.

@uwwIMoz G. WESTINGHOUSE. ELASTIG FLUID TURBINE.

Patented Jan. 18, 1910.

5 SHEETS SHEET 8.

8] Woe/Whoa I wwmiooeo G. WESTINGHOUSE. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 6, 1904.

946,749. Patented Jan; 18,1910.

5 SHEETSSHEET 4.

Patented Jan. 18,1910.

5 SHEETS-811331 5.-

GQWESTINGHOUSE.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 'AUG. 6,1904.

. Q NN Q/Hom mq Q oi/llweooeo v gle ii .15

- cient turbine which retains, the valuable fea- NI ED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE wns'rmonousn, orrrrrsnuno, PENNSYLVANIA; Assmnca To me wrist-H Inertousn MACHINE coMPA'NY, A CORPORATION 01 PENNSYLVANIA ELAsTIc LuIn TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Jail; 18, 191 0;

Applicationhled August 6,1904. sem No. 219m.

To all whom "it mag concern:

i idtysn, a citizen of theUnited States,.and a" resident of Pittsburg, in the county of Al'le gheny and-State of Pennsylvania, haveinvented a new and useful Improvement in;' Elastic-Fluid Turbines, of which the following is a'specification. f This invention relates to elastic fluid turbines, and more particularly to turbines of the double flow type, although certain principles thereof-are equally-applicable to sinow turbines. p

i pace required for double flow -turthepure'ly impact and reaction type bitive under certain conditions, and ect of this invention has beento pro ,ducefa'relatively short and yet highly efii-.

tures'ofthe double flow type.

A further object ofthis invention has been to simplify the-construction, and minimize the labor necessary in theprocess of manufacturc, whereby the cost of manufacture is lowered: t Theaboveand other objects I'a-ttain ina turbine embodying in its make-up, the elements constructed, combined and located as out in the appended claims.

will bemore fully set'fortli in the specification, illustrated in thedrawings and pointed The device illustratedrepresents a practical embodiment of this invention and throughout the several view thereof similar elements are denoted by likelcharacters;

The turbine illustrated inthe drawings is of the variety in which the working fluid is admitted midway between the ends of the turbine and flows in opposite directions to the exhaust ports which are located at the ends of the turbine. The invention is not, however, limited to this variety, but may be embodied in one in which the fluid is ad mitted at one end and is exhausted at the other; but when embodied in this type it will be found desirable to employ balancing pisand Va ve operatin view of'a v mechanism.

The turbine consists of acas1ng16di-- p to fully illustrate both ends Fig. 2 is a fr'age f Be it, known that I, Gnoncn "VESTING'Z tially in longitudinal'section. of a portion of 'theturbine': Fig.3 is-aview in cross section of the turbine casing and fiuidchest there for: Fi i is qagsectional' View of'the valves mechanism employed with this furbi'nez. ig.-5 is a side" view in 'elevatitmof one of't he-deta'ils :-F ig. 6. isa

developed section'taken on line A -Ain Fig. 5: Fig. .7. is, a view in crossjsecti'on taken on 'line;Bf-B-in Fig; 6: Fig. 8 is":a developed section taken on lines X'-X,in Figs. 9, 10,

11'. and 12, of the normal. and'overload fluid channels, which will be 'hereina fter' referred 'to Figs.9,. 10, 11 and 12 are views in cross section taken on lines A-A, B-B, C 'C and D-D respectively in Fig. 8 Fig. 13 is .a diegra mmatic view illustratmg the nozzles,

blades-and vanes utilized in this turbine: Fig. 14 is a view in perspecive of two "blades, the form of which'is utilized in one section of the-turbine: Fig. 15 is a detail portion of-the valve operating vided on the horizontal plane through its axis, as is now common-pracice,whereby the upper half may be readily lifted-- off.

The lower half 17 of the casing is provided with pillars 18 carrying bearings within which the shaft 19 of the turbine rotor or spindle is journaled.

One end of the lower half of the casing is rigidly secured to a bed-plate 20, while the other end is free'to move longitudinally of said bed-plate, according to the expansions which occur from the temperatures encountered.

Exhaust ports 21 at each end of the lower half of the casing register with a passage or channel 22 formed for that purpose in the bed-plate; said passage or channel 22 connecting both exhausts and wi h a, common condenseijfnot shown; If desired, the

exhaust fluid may be led away from the ex-.

haust'port, 'orports'f'of a double flow turbine, througlta suitable pipe or pipes which;

are independent of the bed-plate as is now common.

As elastic fluid turbines'are generally run condensing. and.'as. when so run the 8x haust pressure isbelowthat'of atmospheric pressure, a joint which will prevent. atm0spherio air from entering the exhaust is nec essary; as this air would tend to destroy the vacuum ofthe condenser. In order to allow proper movement of one end of the turbine casing and at the same time to form a tight joint between said casing and the bed-plate, I form a channel 23, preferably in the bedplate, extending around the ports 22, and connected to this channel 23 will be a source of fluid supply, preferably water, whereby a fluid seal is formed, and as the fluid isv forced into the exhaust passage by the atmospheric air the fluid supply will fill the channel and maintain the fluid seal. Ifit is found necessary the walls of .this channel 23 and the faces of the casing and bed-plate adjacent thereto may be covered in any suitable manner with a metal which will not rust. If desired this channel may be locatcd in "the turbine casing or it may be formed partially in the turbine casing and partially in the bed-plate.-

v, The turbine casing midway between its ends is provided exteriorlywith two. fluid channels 24 and 25 for the normal load working fluid and the overload working fluid respectively. These channels preferably extend circumferent-ially of the casing asjillustrated in Fig. 3, and are provided with fluid passages 26 and 27 respectively,-

which extend through the casing and into thejinterior thereof. These passages are in a line around the casing, and a partltion 27 separating the channels proceeds spirally in order to permit said single line. It will be seen that the passages 27 are of twice the area of passages 26 and the three passages 26 supply the normalload fluid, while the three passages 27 are adapted tosupply the overload fluid; this difference in passage area is made, for the reason that each of the passages 27 supplies twice as many high. pressure fluid nozzles as any of the passages 26 in order to accommodate overloads,

as is hereinafter pointed out. If desired these circumferentially extending fluid chan-. nels may be omitted and any other suitable .fiuid channels or pipes may lead the working fluid to the desired points of the turbine.

The fluid channels 24: and 25 terminate at the top of the casing in ports 28 and 29, and 'a'fluid chest is secured to the top of the "casing and is provided with passages which register with the ports 28 and 29, and

" each of said passages is connected with amain fluid supply inlet 31.

A reciprocating valve 32 of the puppet. type, is located in the fluid passage above port 28 for supplying the normal load motive fluid to theturbine and a similar valve 33 is located-above the port 29 for supplyingthe overload motive fluid to the turbine.

The overload valve 33 is normally held to its seat until the speed of the turbine drops below a certain predetermined point by reaillustrating a complete device.

. Patent which may be made later.

son of an overload or for other cause; and

details specifically, no claims are made in this application as they may form the sub ject matter of other applications for Letters It is believed sufiicient for the purpose of this application to say that a portion of the valve operating devices are'in a manner similar (as will appear to one skilled in the art) to those illustrated in Letters Patent No. 751,510, issued on February 9th, 1901; to Francis; Hodgkinson, and, further, that a fly ball governor 3 1 is made-use of, and

valves 32' and 33 are caused to reciprocate by means of fluid operated-motors 35 and 36 connected to the respective valve stems. Thesevalve motors are controlled in their For these operations by governing or pilot valves 37 and 38, which receive reciprocation by means of various links and levers connected there- "with and to rod 39, which rod is connected to a reciprocating member 40 fulcrume'd on. the vertically movable governor shaft at 41, 1

and which receives reciprocation indirectly from the main shaft of the turbine.

"When the speed of the turbine isat' normal, running under full load or below full load and the fulcrum point 4:1 of the reciprocable member40 is above or at its midposition', valve motor 36 will not operate valve 33 to open the same,- but will hold the same in a closed position, and valve 32 by means of its motor 35, will be regularly reciprocated and motive fluid admitted to the normal load fluid channel 24' in puifs; the

duration of the admissions or puffs, however, will'be'depend'ent upon the' speed of the'turblue, as the governor-'bychanging the fulcrum point 41- varies the point of cutoff of governor valve 37 whereby the valvemotor .is caused to close the valve 32 in [an 1rregular manner while itis-opened regularly-or. synchronously with the movements of the turbine.

When :the) speed of the turbine drops below normal and the governor balls move inward and fulcrum point 41 moves below mid-position, theplane of reciprocation of.

governor valve 38 is changed so that valve motor; 36 is thrown intoo gl nation andcau'sedto open valve 33 syncljhonously with the movements of'the turbine and toadmit' motive fluidto fluid channel-.25. As with valve '32 the closing of valve 33 is made defluid, operating the turbine through both the normal and overload either long passages, are of or: short duration, according to the load.

'[I he motive fluid,- which turbine after it, is admitted through passages-26- and 27, flows in opposite directions, it being a 7 double flow tunb-ine, is worked in a manner whichto me appears -.to be novel. The fluidairst passes 'through di'vergent nozzle 42 adjacent to the. inlet passages 2611111127, which nozzlesare' referably rectangular'in cross section and ormed for partiallyexpanding thejfiuid and converting a portion of'its pressure into velocity, which portion may be varied as desired in different turbines. Adjacent to the outlets of these nozzles two annular rows of moving blades 43 are car- 'ried. by the rotor, between the operative point of which stationary guide vanes 44 are situated. These moving blades and stationary vanes-are adapted to transform the velocity so obtained from rotary motion.

For receiving the fluid from the last row of moving blades 43, a plurality ofalternate rows of stationary vanes 45 and moving impulse blades 46 are employed. The cross seethe nozzles into 'tional contour of these stationary blades is such that the fluid received from the pri mary stage has its pressure abstracted, and

this is'fractionally done in each of the stationaryrows, down to'a predetermined point or pressure. The fluid issuing from between the stationary vanes contacts with the alternate rows of lmpulse blades and thereby is converted into rotary motion. It will be understood that practically no pressure drop occur between the annular rows of stationary vanes in this section; and the pressure on each side of each row of impulse blades 111 ns chamber, formed by two rows of statlonary vanes, s the same.

In the turbine illustrated about'39 rows of these pressure -abstracting passages andim 'pulseblades are illustrated, but it w ll be understood that the number utilizedwlll depend upon thepressure drop or rotor speed desired. The fluid after passing through this section of the turbine, in whichits pressure is fractionally abstracted. enters a section in which the remaining fluid pressure and velocity is converted into rotary motion, and this is accomplished by employing a plurality of rows of moving blades 47 alternating with stationary vanes 48, and these moving blades and stationary vanes are of such a form that the fluid is fractionally ex panded and the energyobtained by impact- 'bers.

sure to the pressure of the exhaust or condenser, although this is notneeessary'as the turbine may be run non condensiug. It will be seen that byutilizi ng these diiferent styles of blades and vanes,.-a shorterand more compact turbine is obtained than is possible with pure impact and reaction blades, of the Parsons-type. i Y

The divergent nozzles'42, before referred to, are formed in the circular segments 49, each of which segments, (of which there are three in number in the turbine illustrated) is preferably cast with a normal load fluid space 50 and an overload fluid space 51, each of which 'fluid spaces isprovided with an outwardly extending central divider 52 for dividing the entering fluid and oppositely directing it. The nozzles'42 which are preferably rectangular in cross-section and 'divergent, but not necessarily so, are milled or otherwise formed in the opposite walls of the fluid spaces50 and 51, and-the outward face 53' of each segment-is machined to conform to the inner periphery-of the turbine casing. directly below it or inside of the annular fl-uld passa'ges 24 and 25;'and to the inner perlphery of the casing thesegments are preferably secured by means of suitable screws or bolts passin 54 therefor formed in t e segments, so that the centers of the three segments are preferably degrees apart; 3

. The fluid spaces 50, from-which nozzles for the normal'load discharge, register with the openings 26 leading from channel 24, while the fluid spaces -51 from which the overload nozzles discharge register with passages 27 leading'from channel 25. It will be seen that this makes a very cheaply constructed and easily assembled series of divergent nozzles, and as the partitions or walls between the several nozzles extend to the top or outer face 53 of the segments the inner periphery of the casing which is bored out, forms the tops or one wall of the nozzles.

It will be evident that, if this invention is utilized. in a single flow turbine, oppositely discharging nozzles will not be necessary, but thenozzles will only be formed in one side of each of the segments, or nozzle mem- Moving blades 43 adjacent to the nozzles are carried-by a drum behaving a central web 5-6 which supportsitaon'a hub 57 carried by the turbine shaft .19. .The% blades are preferably formed, as' slaown in Fig. 14, with rearwardly extendingftop and bottom portions on their convexside, which form through openings :1 shroud and spacer respectively. This construction allows the concave faces of the blades to be readily machined from top to bottom so as to provide a smooth impact surface; The sides of the base portions are preferably rabbeted or cut away, as shown at 5-8, forming channels which dovetail with the walls of suitably formed grooves in the drum 55. r

Each of the supporting drums 59 for the remainder of the blades is bolted or otherwise secured todrum at one end and has its other end supported by means of a hubbed web 60 carried on the turbine shaft adjacent to the end of the drum 59, and by means of this construction a relatively cheap yet extremely rigid motor is obtained.

' It will be apparent that this type of turbine either as'a single or double flow machine may be readily utilized for driving the propeller shafts of marine vessels, and of course when so' utilized no governor, in the ordinary sense of a governor, will be necessary; but if desired, the amount of motive fluid admitted to the turbine may be varied by throttling, and both the normal and overload valves operated manually.

Having now set forth the objects of this invention and a form ofconstruction embodying the principle thereof, and having described such construction, its functions, andmode of operation, what is claimed as new and useful and sought to be secured by Letters Patent isz 1. In a double flow elastic fluid turbine, in combination with the casing provided with its two exhausts, a bed plate provided with a passage connecting said exhausts, and a fluid seal between said plate and casin 2. In a double flow elastic fluid turbine in combination with the casing provided with its two exhausts, a bed plate provided with a. passage connecting'said exhausts, a fluid seal between said plate and casing and.

' a source of fluid supply communicating with said seal.

3. In an elastic fluid turbine, in combination with its casing provided with its exhaust port, a bed late provided with a fluid passage'substantially registering with said exhaust port and a fluid seal between said plate and easing.

4. In an elastic fluid turbine, in combination with the casing provided with,its exhaust port, a bed plate provided with a passage sub tantially registering with said exhaust port, a channel in said bedplate surrounding said passage, and a source of fluidsupply communicating with said channel whereby a fluid seal is maintained be tween said plate and casin 5. In an elastic fluid turbine, an annular fluid channelextending around the turbine casing, ports leading from said channel to the interior of the casing, and a segment l l l l l l l l l l l l cated overload securcd'against the inner periphery of the casing and provided with radially extending members .t'orming nozzles. I

6. In an elastic fluid turbine. an annular fluid channel extending around the turbine casing, ports leading from said channel to the interior of said casing and a segment secured against the inner periphery of the casing and. provided with radially extending members forming divergent nozzles. p

7. In an'elastic fluid turbineof the double flow type, an annular fluid channel extending around said casing, p orts leading from said channel to the interior of said casing, and a plurality of segments secured against the inner periphery of said casing, eaclnsegment provided with arow of oppositely discharging divergent nozzles.

8. In an elastic fluid turbine of the double flow type, an annular fluid channel extending around said casing. ports leading from said channel'to the interior of said casing, and a pluralityof segments secured against the inner periphery of said casing. each segment provided. with a row of oppositely discharging nozzles.

9. In an elastic fluid turbine, a fluid channel extending circumferentially of the turbine casing, ports leading from said channel to the interior of the casing, a segment formed with outwardly extending parts bearing against-the inner periphery of said casing whereby diver ent nozzles are formed.

10. In an elastic fluid turbine, a fluid channel extending circumferentially of the turbine casing, ports leading from said channel to the interior of the casing, asegment formed with outwardly extending parts bearing against the inner periphery of said casing whereby oppositely discharging di- Vergent nozzles are formed.

11. In an elastic fluid turbine, a fluid channel extendng circumferentially of the turbine casing, ports leading from said channel to the interior of the .casing, a segment formed wit-h outwardly extending parts bearing against the inner periphery of said casing whereby oppositely discharging nozzles are formed.

12. In an elastic fluid turbine, a fluid channel extending circumferentially of the turbine casing, ports leading to the interior of the casing, a segment formed with outwardly extendingparts bearing against the inner periphery of said casing whereby nozzles are formed.

13. In an elastic fluid turbine,.a normal load fluid channel, an'overload fluid channel, and a spirally extending partitionbetween said channels.

14. In an elastic fluid turbine, a normal load fluid channel extending circumferentially of the tunbine casing, a similarly lofluid channel and a spirally extendingpartition between said channels.

from said channel a face conforming toand secured against the mner periphery of said casing, a fluid -zles rectangular in cross section and formed "in one face of said member.

15. In an elastic fluid turbine provided with oppositely discharging fluid nozzles and alternate rows of stationary and moving yanesand blades, a shaft, a central supporting web mounted on said shaft and provided with a blade supporting drum, a secondary blade supporting drum secured to'each side of said primary drum and two outer webs on said shaft each supporting the outer end of one of said secondary drums.

16; In an elastic fluid turbine, a casing, a normal load fluid channel extending exteriorly to and circumferentially of said casing, an overload fluid channel located and extending similarly to said normal load channel, a single line offluid ports extending from'both ofsaid'channels to the interior of the casing, a partition between said channels, and a valve for each of saidchannels.

17. In combination with thecasin'g of an elastic fluid turbine having a fluid passage leading thereinto, a member provided with a face conforming to and secured. against the inner periphery of said casing adjacentto said fluid passage, a 'fluidspace in said member communicating with said fluid passage,

and fluid discharge nozzles formed in one' face of said member.

l8.-. In combination with the vcasing of an elastic fluid turbine having a fluid passage entering the same, a member provided with space in said member communicating with said fluid passage and fluld discharge 11oz 19. In combination with the casing of an elastic fluid turbine having a fluid passage entering the-same, a member provided with a face conforming to and secured against the inner periphery of said casing, a fluid space in said member communicating with said fluid passage and divergent fluid discharge nozzles recta hgular in cross section formed in one face of said member.

20. In combination with the casing of an elastic fluid turbine having a fluid passage leading thereinto, a member provided with a face conforming to and secured against the inner periphery of said casing adjacent to said fluid passage, a fluid space in said member communicating with said fluid elastic fluid turbine having a fluid passageentering the same,-of a member provided 'with a face conforming to and secured against the inner periphery of said casing, a fluid space in said member communicating with said fluid passage and fluid discharge nozzles rectangular in crosstsection and formed in opposite faces of said member.

22. In combination with the casing of an said fluid passage-and divergent row of oppositely discharging noz zles.

- row of nozzles.

\vit h fluid terior thereof, and a plurality of segments elastic fluid turbine having -a fluid passage entering the same, a member provided with a face conforming toandsecured against thevinner p eripheiy of said casing, a fluid' space Ill-Stud member communicating with fluid .discharge nozzles rectangular .in cross-section formed in opposite faces of said member.

23. In an elastic fluid turbine of the don ble flow type, a turbine casing provided with fluid passages extending into the' interior thereof, and a plurality of segments secured against the inner periphery of said casing each of which is provided with 'a',

8O 2%. In an elastic fluid turbine ofthe doubleflow type, a turbine casing provided with-fluid'passages extending into the interior thereof,- and' a-plurality;ofsegments I secured aga'inst'the inner-periphery of said casing each of which is provided with a oppositely discharging divergent 25. In an elastic fluid turbine of the double 'flow type, a turbine casing provided passages extending intothe insecuredagainst the inner periphery o'f said casing each of which is provided with a row of'oppositely discharging rectangular nozzles. j

26.' In combination in an elastic fluidturblne, acasing provided with a fluid delivery port, a bedplate provided with a port adapted to register with the port of said casing,

vand a liquid seal between said casing and said plate.

27. In combination in an elastic fluid turbine, a casing provided with a fluid delivery port, a bedp'late provided with a fluid delivery passage and a port communicating therewith and registering with the port of saidcasing, and a liquid seal between said casing and said plate and extending around said ports.

28. In combination in an elastic fluidturbine, a fluid delivery channel extending-circumferentially around the casing of the tur bine and provided with two fluid supply ports, and a spiral partition dividing said channel into two compartments, each of which communicate with one of said ports.

29. In an elastic fluid turbine, a fluid delivery channel extending around the casing -of the turbine andprovided with two fluid supply ports and a plurality of circumfer- .entially alined delivery ports leading from said channel to the interiorof said casing, a partition dividing said channel into two passages, one of which communicates W1th one of said supply ports and a number of 831d delivery ports, and the other of which communicates with-the other supply port and the rest of the delivery ports.

30. In combination man elastic fluid turbine, a fluid supply channel extending around the turbine casing and provided with two fluid supply ports, communicating withthe source of motive fluid, and circumferentially alined delivery ports leading through i said casing to the working passages of the turb ne and divided into two groups, and a partition located within said channel and (dividing the interior thereof into two passages, each of which coin-lnunicates'with one 0t said supplyports and one group of said delivery ports.

Y '31. In combination in an elastic fluid turf bine, a fluid supply channel extending around the'turbine casing and provided with two fluid supply ports, communicating with a source of motive fluid, and a plurality of delivery ports leading through the casing to the working passages of the turbine, a.

aroundthe turbine casing and provided with a normal and an overload fluid supply port and a group of normal and aagroup of overload fluid-delivery ports leading. through the casing to the working passages ofthe tur-I bine, a segment secured to the inner face of the casing and provided with normal and overload fluid nozzles communicating respectively with the normal and overload delivery ports, and a partition dividing-said channel into two passages, one of which communicates with the normal supply and delivery ports, and the other of which coinmuni'cates with the overload supply and delivery ports. a

33. 1n an elastic fluid turbine, a fluid delivery channel provided with a fluid supply.

port, and a plurality of circumferentially alined fluid delivery ports leading from said channel to the interior of the turbine, and a partition dividing'said channel into two pasthe other of which communicates with the rest of-said delivery passages. L

v 34. In combination in an elastic fluid turbine, a fluid supply channel extending around the turbine casing and provided with a fluidsupply port and a roup of circumferentially alined deliver?! ports leading through the casing to'theiw orking passages of the turbine, a'partitidn dividing said channel into two passages, one of which.

communicates with a" number of the fluid delivery portsand the other of which communicates with the rest of said ports, and a segr'n'ent secured to the inner face of the casing and provided with separate groups of 'nozzlesiwhich communicate with the sepa -arate groups of fluld delivery ports.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my namethis 21st day of July, 1904.-

GEO. WESTINGHOUSE.

Witnesses C. TEN R, WM. H. Carin.

sages, one of'which communicates with a number of the fluid delivery passages and 

